Einar Englund

born on 17/6/1916 in Liugarn, Gotland, Sweden

died on 27/6/1999 in Visby, Götaland, Sweden

Einar Englund

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Sven Einar Englund (June 17, 1916–June 27, 1999) was a Finnish composer.

Life

Sven Einar Englund was born at Ljugarn in Gotland, Sweden, on June 17, 1916; he died June 27, 1999 in Visby, Sweden. He married twice: in 1941 to Meri Mirjam Gyllenbögel who died 1956 (they had one son and two daughters including the ballerina and choreographer Sorella Englund) and in 1958 he married Maynie Sirén a singer with whom he had one son.

Perhaps the most important Finnish symphonist since Jean Sibelius, Englund was a native Swedish speaker who often felt that his career was sidelined from the mainstream of Finnish music.

He was 17 when he began studies at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki in 1933. Already a considerable pianist, he continued his studies with Martti Paavola and Ernst Linko, while studying composition with Bengt Carlson and Selim Palmgren.

Following his graduation in 1941, Englund was conscripted into military service. During his time in the Finnish Continuation War he was wounded in his hand, which almost brought to an end his hopes of pursuing a career as a concert pianist. He would often recall the bizarre, though life-threatening incident, with a smile.

Music

Englund's first work for large orchestra was his First Symphony (1946), which became known as the "War Symphony". This was no prentice piece; the use of counterpoint, dissonance and orchestration of singular clarity reveals a master at work. His Second Symphony, the "Blackbird Symphony", soon followed the first.

In 1949 Englund was awarded a grant to study in the United States with Aaron Copland, and also played jazz with Leonard Bernstein. It has been suggested that Englund's study with the American master consisted of discussions about music and composition, Copland having realised that there was little he could teach the younger man.

Throughout the 1950s he produced a series of large-scale works including Sinuhe, a ballet (1953) originally for piano though later orchestrated, and Odysseus (1959), written for the Swedish dancer and choreographer Brigit Cullberg, a Cello Concerto (1954) and the First Piano Concerto (1955), as well as film scores and incidental music. His score for Erik Blombergs Valkoinen peura (The White Reindeer) which won a Jussi Award (the Finnish Oscar), and his score for Max Frischs play The Great Wall of China are particularly notable.

He composed music for twenty films, as well as works for choir including the Hymnus Sepulcralis (1975)

During the 1950s, with his second wife, the singer Maynie Sirén he performed a cabaret act; he was music critic of the Swedish-language Hufvudstadsbladet, and he taught at the Sibelius Academy from 1958 until 1982.

His Third Symphony (1971) appeared 23 years after his second and signalled his return to composition having written only a few works during the 1960s. There soon followed his Fourth (1976) and Fifth Symphonies (1977) and the Concerto for Twelve Cellos (1981).

Englunds Sixth Symphony (1984), subtitled Aphorisms is in six movements for chorus and orchestra; his last symphony - No. 7 - was composed in 1988, coinciding with the onset of the heart disease that signalled a decline in health and would ultimately lead to his death; his Clarinet Concerto of 1991 was completed shortly before a stroke rendered further composition physically impossible. Later he suffered from kidney failure, which necessitated dialysis for the remainder of his life.

Englund also composed chamber music, including a suite for solo cello and a sonata for cello and piano; there are works for violin and piano, solo trombone and solo piano.

His memoirs I Skuggan av Sibelius (In the shadow of Sibelius) were published in 1997

Works

Ballets

  • Sinuhe (1954)
  • Odysseus (1959) (after Homer)

Orchestral

  • Symphonies
    • Symphony No. 1 The War Symphony (1946)
    • Symphony No. 2 Blackbird (1948)
    • Symphony No. 3 (1971)
    • Symphony No. 4 Nostalgic, for strings and percussion (1976)
    • Symphony No. 5 Sinfonia Fennica (1977)
    • Symphony No. 6 Aphorisms for choir and orchestra (1984)
    • Symphony No. 7 (1988)

Concertante

  • Cello Concerto (1954)
  • Piano Concerto No. 1 (1955)
  • Piano Concerto No. 2 (1974)
  • Concerto for 12 Cellos (1980-1981)
  • Violin Concerto (1981)
  • Flute Concerto (1985)
  • Clarinet Concerto (1990-1991)

Chamber/Instrumental

  • Quintet for Piano and Strings (1941)
  • Introduzione e capriccio for violin and piano (1970)
  • Divertimento Upsaliensis for wind quintet, string quintet and piano (1978)
  • Sonata for Violin and Piano (1979)
  • Concerto for 12 Cellos (1980-1981)
  • De profundis for 14 brass instruments (4 horns, 4 trumpets, 4 trombones, 2 tubas) (1980)
  • Sonata for Cello and Piano (1982)
  • Trio for piano, violin and cello (1982)
  • Pavane for violin and piano (1983)
  • String Quartet (1985)
  • Opening Brass for 15 brass instruments (4 horns, 4 trumpets, 4 trombones, euphonium, 2 tubas) (1988),
  • Vivat academia (fanfare) for brass orchestra (4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba) or brass quintet (1989)
  • Wind Quintet for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn and bassoon (1989)

Music for solo instrument

  • Humoresque for piano (1935)
  • Introduzione e Toccata for piano (1950)
  • Preludium for piano (1955)
  • Sonatina No. 1 (Sonatine in d) (1966)
  • Notturno (Prelude) for piano (1967)
  • Passacaglia for organ (1971)
  • Marcia Funerale for organ (1976)
  • Panorama for trombone (1976)
  • Piano Sonata No. 1 (1978)
  • Serenata elegiaco for violin (1979)
  • Pavane e Toccata for piano (1983)
  • Sonatina No. 2 Pariisilainen (The Parisian) for piano (1984)
  • Preludium & Fughetta for piano (1986)
  • Suite for solo Cello Viimeinen saari (The Last Island) (1986)
  • Intermezzo for oboe (1987)

Incidental music

  • The Great Wall of China (1949)

Film music

  • Omena putoaa (1952)
  • Valkoinen peura The White Reindeer (1952)
  • Kaikkien naisten monni (1952)
  • ja Helena soittaa (1952)
  • Yhden yön hinta (1952)
  • Kultaa ja kunniaa (1953)
  • Näkemiin Helena (1954)
  • Muistojen kisakesä 1952 (1954)
  • Rakkaus kahleissa (1959)
  • Ratkaisun päivät (1956)
  • Jokin ihmisessä (1956)
  • The Stranger (1957)
  • Ingen morgondag (1957)
  • Verta käsissämme (1958)
  • Asessorin naishuolet (1958)
  • Äidittömät (1958)
  • Pojat (1962)
  • Preludes to Ecstasy (1962)
  • Ett fat amontillado (1963)

Sources

  • Englund, Einar: I skuggan av Sibelius. Söderström & Co., Helsingfors 1996.
  • Korhonen, Kimmo: "Finnish Orchestral Music 2." Finnish Music Information Centre 1995.
  • White, John David (ed.): New Music of the Nordic Countries. Pendragon Press 2002.
  • Hillila, Ruth-Esther & Blanchard Hong, Barbara: Historical dictionary of the music and musicians of Finland. Greenwood Press 1997.

External links

This page was last modified 02.04.2014 16:06:44

This article uses material from the article Einar Englund from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia and it is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.